(1994-95-96-97-98-99-2000-01-04-08)
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Vegetal placenta extracts substitute animal placenta extracts | |
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| Keywords: BSE, rye, cereal placenta extracts, respiration increasing factor. | |
| Author: Randolph Riemschneider | (get the complete article) |
| Placenta Extracts from cereal bran layers, like rye (illustration 1a,b) deliver cell metabolism activating extracts which can substitute animal placenta ones; rye placenta extract: table A: properties, table B: respiration increasing data, table C: metamorphosis acceleration. | |
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Remarks on biologic evaluation of Protection Factor for sun products | |
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| Keywords: SPF, UV radiation, OTC, DIN, sun, sunscreens. | |
| Author: Giorgio Rialdi | (get the complete article) |
| Skin and Sun Radiations. Filtering Power Measurement. The USA (FDA) and the German (DIN) methods. - Type of UV radiation source; - Quantity of product applied; - Radiation time increase on different skin areas; - SPF calculation; - Standard Reference Product; - MED Evaluation Time; - Type of Skin; - Washing-Away Resistance; - Variations of the Australian Standards Association. Cycloglucanic or cyclodextrinic complexing. Evaluation of anti-UV.A screening. | |
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Neuroimmunological Activities of Keratinocytes | |
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| Keywords: keratinocytes, catecholamines, cytokines, inflammation, stress, neuro-immunity. | |
| Authors: Sabrina Brenci, Vincenzo Rialdi, Giorgio Rialdi | (get the complete article) |
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The skin constitutes a complex structure that regulates the interaction between the environment within and without the body. In order to perform this function the skin is connected to the main homeostatic systems which allow the human body to modify its biological behaviour based on the stimulus of environmental events. The above mentioned connections, which link the neuroendocrine system to the immune system, may be seen as a triangle in which bi-directional stimuli link the cells of three tissues in order to adapt the biological responsiveness of each of them to incidents that affects one of them (23-24). The scientific bases of the above reported concepts are the following: 1. In vitro, keratinocytes have been shown to produce a cytokine cascade that is either able to attract cells of the immune system within its microenvironment or to modulate its functional capacities in loco (25). Moreover, keratinocyties express membrane bound proteins that interact in an autocrine fashion, with the cytokines they produce themselves and that interact by a paracrine mechanism with those secreted by the attracted immune competent cells (26). 2. Keratinocytes express hormone receptors and have the fine biological machinery to produce hormonal substances in loco (29). 3. Both the skin, as well as the immune system, are provided with direct sympathetic innervation that connects these structures directly with the hypothalamic nuclei. These anatomic connections suggest that the skin and the immune and neuroendocrine systems possess the tools for an efficient cross-talk and reciprocal adjustment (27-28). While the data concerning cytokine and hormone networks are based on experimental evidence, the ones concerning the sympato-immune-cutaneous network require experimental work to be fully delineated. Recently, we demonstrated that human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) are able to produce catecholamines (CA), (30). Moreover, preliminary observations strongly suggest that inhibiting catecholamine synthesis by PBL affects their in vitro proliferative responsiveness to antigenic stimulation (Table 5). The aims of this study were: a) to analyze the capability of keratinocytes to produce catecholamines. To investigate the biological mechanism involved in the modulation of the interaction between keratinocytes and the neuroendocrine system. | |
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Porcine based organ Extracts guarantee full substitution of bovine extracts | |
| Keywords: Placenta-Extracts from swine and cow, proteinfree Extracts, Porcine-Placenta-Collagens | |
| Authors: Randolph Riemschneider, Michael Heisler |
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| Activity tests on controllable systems prove the equivalence of standardized proteinfree PORCINE- and BOVINE-Placenta-Extracts: table 1. PORCINE-skin-collagen-extract and PORCINE-collagens-type I -VI are isolated, example in table 2 | |
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Cell Line Based Organ Material Beats BSE Risk In Animal Organ Extracts | |
| Keywords: BSE, Organ-Extracts, natural, synthetic, cell-line-based (BSE-free) | |
| Authors: Randolph Riemschneider | (get the complete article) |
| BSE-free ORGAN EXTRACTS, acqueous, protein-free, can be prepared from cell lines and/or from synthetic material: table A. Activity tests: table B (example: SWINE-Placenta-Extract). | |
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| Districtual Hydrolipodystrophy | |
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| Keywords: Districtual Hydrolipodystrophy, Cellulitis, Iodotrat, Iontophoresis, Cosmetic Reducer Products | |
| Authors: Vincenzo Rialdi | (get the complete article) |
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Districtual Hydrolipodystrophy, commonly known as cellulitis, is caused by a faulty lipidic metabolism involving predisposing genetic factors and lifestyle errors. By using Iodotrat, organic iodine whose use is allowed in cosmetics, at 0.6-0.8% in an O/W emulsion, we observed a considerable reduction of inflammatory lymph cell infiltration and a gradual regression of interstitial oedema accordingly with a decrease in size of the treated area. This was associated with an improvement of the palpated skin as seen during clinical testing. A modern anti-cellulitis formulation may be both beneficial and risk-free, provided that the newly acquired knowledge concerning the biochemical effects on the application site is duly taken into account. All data concerning Iodotrat action on Mastocytes and Lipid Metabolism, Iodotrat Histologic and Clinical Evaluation and the tables and the figures related to a finished product containing Iodotrat are presented and discussed. | |
| Determination of the in vivo long-lasting antimicrobial efficacy of film forming formulations containing Triclosan | |
| Keywords: Triclosan, antimicrobial activity, film forming formulation | |
| Authors: M. Schnyder;, T. Kotterer, J. Rhein | (get the complete article) |
| CIBA Technical report No TA 97167. This study shows the long lasting bacteriostatic activity of film forming formulations (containing 1% and 5% Triclosan) determined under in-vivo finger print test conditions against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and yeast. For convenience the formulations were tested on the hands. All data concerning the microbiological test methods and the related pictures are presented and discussed. | |
| Natural is not always innocuous | |
| Keywords: natural, plant derived products, toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, neoplasias, antioxidant | |
| Author: Giorgio Rialdi |
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| Over the last few years interest in plant derived products has increased in proportion to the decreased use of both functional and non-functional raw materials of animal origin. In the past we have already had the opportunity to comment upon, and often even to challenge, the use of the adjective "natural" as a synonym for "vegetable" and consequently for "harmless" to influence the unknowing consumer, the "victim" of advertising statements which have little to do with the reality of the finished cosmetic product. Many examples can be given to overturn the established principle vegetable is harmless. The food we eat, and a great deal of vegetable matter in particular, contains large amounts of toxic substances, mutagenic and carcinogenic elements. Together with smoke they are probably the main causes of cancer, and are perhaps, at least to some extent, responsible for other pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, and aging. The fact that plants contain toxic chemical substances, often in significant quantities, and that some of them may constitute a carcinogenic risk to man is not in the least surprising. These substances are often synthesised as a means of defence against insects or other predators. Many of the best known and most powerful poisons in the world today are of botanical origin. For the most part, man has known of them for quite some time since their acute effects are easily recognisable, and pharmacologists have always shown a very strong interest in these poisons given that, in small doses, they provide therapeutic effects. More recently, the use of short-term tests for carcinogenesis has allowed us to identify a number of potentially carcinogenic compounds which can easily be found in the vegetable matter our diet contains (such as potato, onion, chicory, lettuce, apple, spinach, fig, celery, parsley and essentials oils such as bergamot, nutmeg, black pepper, anise, cotton seed oil, and the meat and milk of livestock fed these seeds). The cancer causing ability of some of these elements has been proven by long-term testing on rodents. In conclusion, it would be wise to consider that nature is not necessarily benign and that the carcinogenic elements present in our diet - not only those of vegetable origin which have been considered in this text, but also those which derive from the pyrolysis of proteins, which occurs during cooking, for example - are the cause of a number of human neoplasias which is difficult to estimate but which is no doubt significant. And speaking of cancer alone is most certainly too restrictive, since the degenerative illnesses associated with aging are at least partly due to damaged DNA. However, nature also provides us with a remedy consisting in a number of tiny molecules which are present in our diet and which have an antioxydant and anticarcinogenic effect. Therefore generic, incomplete and sensational promotional statements are of no use either to the consumer or to the industry. | |
| Y2K Man and Pheromonal Communication | |
| Keywords: Osmopherine, Osmopherone, Pheromones, Olfactory Perception, Reproductive Systems | |
| Author: Franca Ligabue Stricker | (get the complete article) |
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There is a connection between endocrine and olfactory systems (a relation that is fundamental for pheromone communication in animals). Stricker and her team demonstrated that even in Man some relation exists between histocompatibility antigens and olfactory perception. The finding that humans can communicate by pheromones opens many possibilities to future investigation. Human pheromones might be used to interact with interpersonal information or more simply as a natural, alternative to control ovulation timing or as an aid to contraception. The researches the article confirm the strong interactions between olfactory, endocrine and reproductive systems described in. Once the relationship between olfactory and hormonal system is accepted it is easier to understand and recognize social interactive phenomena on reproductive physiology. | |
| NEutral SAturated OiL or NESATOL. Current value of saturated long chain (high carbon) triglycerides | |
| Keywords: Nesatol, Triglycerides, strong resistance to oxidation, harmlessness, emolliency, sebum-like structure | |
| Author: Vincenzo Rialdi | (get the complete article) |
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This study supply general information about triglycerides, mainly as vehicles for skin-oriented products, followed by an explanation for the reasons that induced us to develop our eudermal triglyceride. Attention is focused on Nesatol which provides manufacturers with a neutral, emollient, odourless stable oil of consistent composition. Nesatol does not irritate, is non acanthogenous, non greasy nor degreasing and has no drying out effect. It is lubricant, orthodermal and improves the spreadability of the end product. Some examples of simple formulations and their related characteristics are reported. | |
| Biological benefits from cutaneous application of Syntesqual | |
| Keywords: Syntesqual, Syntesqual Low Viscosity, Syntesqual High Viscosity, Syntesqual-Jelly, proportioned protective effect, toxicity, viscosimetry | |
| Author: Vincenzo Rialdi | (get the complete article) |
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This Paper highlights how the design and implementation of Syntesqual was achieved. Based on the experience which led to the development of Syntesqual, we decided to develop more products which, though having the same matrix, would protect the skin better. The four experimental models we implemented are: Syntesqual Standard, Low Viscosity, High Viscosity and Jelly. Various tests were carried out on these models and the results are reported. A brief history of the chemical background with regards to the best known mineral oils is given and information concerning the specific application of this product is provided. | |
| OLFACTORY SUBLIMINAL PERCEPTION OF HUMAN PHEROMONE-LIKE SUBSTANCES | |
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| Keywords: olfaction, vomeronasal, copuline, pheromones, odour | |
| Authors: Vincenzo Rialdi, Maddalena Donetti, Stefano Dorato | (get the complete article) |
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Olfaction is the most primitive and oldest sensing system; its route to the brain is the most direct and interconnections between the olfactory and limbus system further the formation of associations between odours and events.
Recent studies have brought to light the capability of the accessory olfactory system to capture, through the vomeronasal organ, odourless pheromonic copulines that may affect our behaviour, thus corroborating the predictions of our researchers in the '70s regarding the olfactory system, natural biologic odours and human interrelations. In our society, the utilization of detergents, deodorants and perfumes to eliminate or at least mask body odours has caused at the same time the loss of pheromonic molecules which, at subliminal level, ensure a natural interpersonal exchange of information between individuals belonging to the same species. Thus, olfaction plays an important role in interindividual relationships as is proven by the fact that mother and child recognize each other already at an early stage by their subliminal biologic odour constituent or the fact that some adults can recognize their sexual partner by the subliminal biologic odour constituent of his or her clothes. It seems therefore advisable to integrate these products with a biological odour to achieve a better humanization since decoding of the sociobiological olfactory message which, in man and in primates is transmitted through the cortical system, would otherwise become impossible. As said before, as from 1978 our laboratories have made an in-depth study of this research sector so that we can now confirm the importance of biological odours in human interrelations dynamics, as resulting from independent experimental research which confirms the assumed close relation existing among the olfactory, enocrine and reproduction systems. The selective and integrated male and female copulines obtained in our laboratories are an important guidance tool for social, sexual and individual behaviour, when used in cosmetic and personal care products. | |
| APPLICATION OF SKIN ENZYME ACTIVITY TESTS TO THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY ASSESSMENT | |
| Keywords: enzymes, inhibition, toxicity, efficacy, skin | |
| Authors: Giorgio Rialdi, Maddalena Donetti, Stefano Dorato | (get the complete article) |
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Enzymes are biological catalysts, present in all cells which might be useful for cell metabolism or may act elsewhere outside the cell.
Enzymes intervene in dozens of chemical reaction and without them there is no reaction between the substrate or anyhow it does not happen in correct time. Any chemical capable to inactivate an enzyme is potentially toxic. Enzymes can be classified as glycolytic, hexosemonophosphate shunt enzymes, Krebs cycle enzymes, nitrogen and fat metabolism enzymes. Enzymes in the skin might be endocellular and extracellular, they are essential in order to maintain skin good conditions, contribute to the right skin pH and maintain skin protective capability against pathogens. To inactivate an enzyme, or the trace elements primary for its activity, may result in metabolic disorders. Since 1976 Vevy Europe raw materials for skin application undergo trials to determine their possible enzyme toxicity or activity through checking of the different sequential steps of sugar, fat and protein metabolism. Several examples of studies on ATPase, alfa-naphtyl esterase, leucine-aminopeptidase, succinic-dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase following the topical application of a specific ingredient will be presented and discussed. | |
| SALYCUMINOL AND SKIN MOISTURIZATION | |
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| Keywords: Moisturization, cell turnover, corneometer, Salycuminol, lipophilic ester of salicylic acid, keratinocyte | |
| Author: Maddalena Donetti | (ask for the complete article at Scientific Press Office) |
| The stratum corneum must be a well structured and limiting barrier to adequately protect epidermis, dermis and the more delicate underlying tissues. Homeostatic control mechanisms guarantee the right dynamics of the proliferation steady state between the basal layer and the the most superficial layers, balancing therefore mitosis rate and cell desquamation. As previously determined, Salycuminol (lipophilic esters of salicylic acid) helps an optimal cell turnover to safeguard skin well being: matured keratinocytes following the physiological cycle. It is known that the stratum corneum if too much moisturized (it happens only when immature, less dry corneocytes, indeed still keratinocytes, are present) can be easier permeated and therefore ineffective. On the other hand a too dry stratum corneum gives the same results meaning higher fissuration, inner layers direct exposure to external stimuli and again an insufficient skin barrier. Goal of a functional product is to recover skin physiology supporting the formation of competent protective cells. This study on Salycuminol was performed in order to verify the results obtained by application on skin having a mean or a high hydration rate. A significant moisturization increase was expected in the first case, a non significant one in the latter. Placebo application had to be ineffective. The results show that, by inducing the temporal recovery of the physiological skin cycle, Salycuminol allows the correct expression of an effective barrier to physical and chemical onsets. All experimental data concerning the corneometer studies performed are presented and discussed. | |
| APPLICATION OF HPTLC IN THE PRELIMINARY RESEARCH OF PESTICIDES AND PCBs IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS | |
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| Keywords: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, high performance thin layer cromatography (HPTLC), cosmetic products, lanolin, botanicals | |
| Authors: Cristina Neuhoff, Carla Villa and Stefano Dorato | (ask for the complete article at Scientific Press Office) |
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Being resistant pollutants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorinated and organophosphate pesticides have already been detected in raw materials and finished cosmetics. This paper will introduce an HPTLC analytical procedure to detect PCBs, pesticides and their mixtures in cosmetics thus also allowing timesaving gas cromatographic determinations.
Organochlorine and organophosphate derivatives are widespread into the environment, occur in soil and water and are incorporated into various biological life cycles [1,2]. Poisoning of humans has been documented deriving from contamined food or occupational exposure. Hyperkeratosis, chloracne, irritant, allergic and phototoxic contact dermatitis have been reported following exposure to these chemicals [1,3,4]. Trace amounts of PCBs, organochlorinated and organophosphate pesticides might accidentally contaminate some raw materials, mainly botanicals, lanolin and its derivatives, and therefore might be present in consumer products. Regulatory requirements and safety assessment for each cosmetic imply an accurate examination of impurities and unwanted contaminants which could be present in raw materials. In previous papers we illustrated the gas cromatographic determination of PCBs, organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides in cosmetics containing plant oils and extracts, lanolin and its derivatives [5-7]. Before performing a gas cromatography with electron-capture detector, separation of pesticides and PCBs was necessary in order to avoid interference and superimposition of characteristic peaks [8-10]. Now we have developed an HPTLC method to perform a simple, rapid, reliable and accurate detection of PCBs and pesticides in cosmetic products and their ingredients. | |
| PERCEPTION OF BIOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT SUBSTANCES AND GONADOTROPIN, PRL, GONADOTROPIC HORMONE LEVELS IN MAN | |
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| Keywords: gonadotropine, FSH, LH, Estradiol, Progesterone, Testosterone, LtH, human pheromone, olfactory | |
| Authors: Franca Ligabue Stricker and Mariangela Mazzone | (ask for the complete article at Scientific Press Office) |
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This study is part of a research on chemical communication in Man. It investigates the perception of pheromonal substances in adults. Since it seems that the perception of certain odours and the capability to distinguish personal smells are related to sex and sexual maturity, olfactive tests were made in parallel with gonadotropine analyses.
Hormonal analyses were made on 160 out-patients (55 males and 105 females) at the Laboratory of Endocrinology of the University of Turin, Faculty of Internal Medicine, to determine the plasma levels of FSH, LH, Estradiol, Progesterone, Testosterone and LtH. Their olfactive perception of biologically significant substances was tested using surrogates for natural pheromones, i.e. an isovaleric acid derivative (for female pheromone) and an androstanediol derivative (for male pheromone). The first results thus obtained show that there is indeed a close interaction between the olfactive, endocrine and reproduction systems. | |
| HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS AND OLFACTORY PERCEPTION IN MAN | |
| Keywords: Antigen histocompatibility, HLA, human pheromones, olfaction | |
| Authors: Franca Ligabue Stricker, Antonio Amoroso, Nicoletta Cerrutti | (ask for the complete article at Scientific Press Office) |
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Recent experiments on mice casually lead to the discovery that, in such animals, histocompatibility antigens can act as olfactory markers and help recognising the most suitable partner. Selecting a companion bearing antigens of different type is likely to lead to an offspring which, being mostly heterozygous, shall show a wider immunitary response thus having a significant advantage in the selection process.
The present work is intended to demonstrate that even in Man some relation may exist between histocompatibility antigens and olfactory perception. In order to evaluate if in our species too there are biological factors which to some extent can influence the choice of the partner, studies were conducted on pairs with proved good fitness. Firstly antigenic difference between single and coupled people was analyzed by comparing the frequency of class I HLA antigens found in 1454 coupled persons (727 pairs) against a control population of 133 singles. The analysis showed that, in addition to a different antigenic frequency, singles and paired persons do have a different appreciation of pheromone substances, a difference which is even more evident in pairs whose components have different HLA antigens. In order to achieve heterozygous offspring, a partner with different HLA antigens has to be selected in Man too, therefore it appears that such choice is likely to be influenced by a pheromone communication system which helps olfactory recognition of genetical identity. | |
| OCCLUSIVITY AND REMANENCE OF O/W/O MULTIPLE EMULSION COMPARED TO W/O SIMPLE EMULSION | |
| Keywords: Multiple emulsion, Occlusivity, Remanence | |
| Authors: C. Laugel, A. Baillet, D. Ferrier | (ask for the complete article at Scientific Press Office) |
| Three emulsions of similar viscosity were prepared from the same components: one W/O emulsion and two O/W/O emulsions which differ by their relative wax amounts. Three parameters were taken into account to compare these preparations: acceptability, remanence and occlusivity. With the O/W/O emulsions, identical occlusivity properties were reached simultaneously with a best acceptability and a best remanence in comparaison with W/O emulsion. The modification of relative wax ratio influences the touch of each emulsion. However the multiple character of the emulsion improves both the touch and the remanence. | |
| RESEARCH ON OLFACTORY PERCEPTION OF BIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT SUBSTANCES IN A SAMPLE OF SCHOOL-CHILDREN, AGED FROM 6 TO 14 YEARS | |
| Keywords: pheromones, pheromone-like substances, pyrroline isovalerianate butyrate, androstandiol, olfaction tests, "biologically relevant" substances, hormone | |
| Authors: Franca Ligabue Stricker and Brunetto Chiarelli | (ask for the complete article at Scientific Press Office) |
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This study is part of an extensive research program on pheromones aiming to analyze in depth and on a wide scale man's olfaction and its ability to distinguish pheromone-like substances either of male and female
origin, as well as the evolution of such ability at different physiological stages during his life. Olfaction tests were conducted on a group of 1318 school children
(aged 6 to 14 years) by mean of "biologically relevant" substances.
Younger males and females showed the same responses to Pyrroline Isovalerianate Butyrate and to Androstandiol in an high percentage of cases. Response variability gradually increases with aging and this could be explained assuming that sensitivity to biological smells keeps up with their emission or, even more, with hormone development which originates them. Hormone researches are currently being carried on in order to prove such assumption. | |
| ORGANOCHLORINATED DERIVATIVES: A CONCERN FOR COSMETIC PRODUCTS ? | |
| Keywords: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, gas chromatography, cosmetic products, lanolin derivatives, plant derivatives | |
| Authors: Dorato S., Mariani E., Neuhoff C., Villa C. | (ask for the complete article at Scientific Press Office) |
| Organochlorinated hydrocarbons, i.e. polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides (e.g. dieldrin, lindane, etc.), are chemically and microbiologically resistant pollutants. These molecules can also be absorbed through the skin and become a safety concern. Therefore it is important to investigate their presence in finished cosmetics and ingredients like lanolin and plant derivatives. | |
| EXPRESSION OF ICAM-1 ANTIGEN AND FAS ANTIGEN ON KERATINOCYTES AFTER SALYCUMINOL TREATMENT | |||||||||||||||
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| Keywords: NCTC keratinocytes, ICAM-1 antigen, FAS antigen, c-IFN, Salycuminol, flow-cytometry, percent positive cells, mean fluorescence intensity | |||||||||||||||
| Authors: Sabrina Brenci and Francesco Indiveri | (ask for the complete article at Scientific Press Office) | ||||||||||||||
| 4-Isopropylbenzyl, Alkyl-iso-C10, 2-Hydroxybenzoate (Salycuminol)1 has an antiinflammatory activity after topical administration. Aim of this work was to evaluate whether it interferes with ICAM-1 and FAS antigens expression on keratinocytes. The results show that Salycuminol doesn’t affect the membrane expression of these markers. These data suggest that such molecule doesn’t alter the role of keratinocytes in inflammatory processes. | |||||||||||||||
| EVALUATION IN CULTURED MAMMALIAN CELLS OF TOXICITY AND CELL GROWTH STIMULATING ACTIVITY OF TWO PEPTIDES: CYTOPLASMINE-1 AND "133401" | |||||||||||||||
Keywords: Cytoplasmine-1, peptides, V79 cells, rat hepatocytes, Trypan Blue, Neutral Red, Coomassie Blue, cytotoxicity, cell proliferation
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Authors: Maria Grazia Angelini and Giorgio Rialdi
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In vitro methods on mammal cell cultures have been used for the initial phase of toxicity studies and the investigation on the possible stimulating activity on cell proliferation of two peptides: "Cytoplasmine-1"and "133401", the latter being a modification of the first one.The effects of the two peptides have been evaluated by employing two different cell cultures: V79 cells and rat hepatocytes primary cultures. | The in vitro evaluation of the activity of the two peptides has been performed with: 1. Trypan Blue exclusion method, 2. Neutral Red assay, 3. Protein dosage with Coomassie Blue. The effect on protein synthesis, RNA and DNA has been determined in V79 cells for Cytoplasmine-1 only. Results show that Cytoplasmine-1 has a lower cytotoxicity compared to the second peptide and is capable of inducing a definite dose-dependent increase of V79 cells proliferation as also determined monitoring the incorporation of labeled precursors. Conversely, due to their comprehensive metabolic capability, rat hepatocytes were more sensitive to Cytoplasmine-1-induced cytotoxicity.
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EVALUATION OF THE POSSIBLE TOXICITY OF SELENO-L-METHIONINE FOLLOWING TOPICAL APPLICATION
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Keywords: Selenium, seleno-L-methionine, topical application, local effects, systemic effects
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Authors: Favre A., Donetti M., Dorato S., Rialdi V., Hauf E., Rialdi G.
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The cosmetic use of selenium and its derivatives is banned (excluding selenium disulphide) in EEC countries by the Directive 76/768 and single national regulations. Conversely, in other countries, e.g. USA, selenium use in cosmetics, mainly as a trace element also in combination with others, is not restricted. Previous studies found a relatively narrow margin between the safe levels of selenium and those that can be toxic. Aim of our paper was to investigate the local and systemic effects of the topical skin treatment with an organic selenium derivative. 1 mg/kg of seleno-L-methionine applied daily on mouse skin for fifteen successive days induced skin atrophy and signs of a modest kidney toxicity.
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| AN IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDY ON THE SAFETY OF LANOLIDE | |
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| Keywords: Lanolide, lanolin, cytotoxic activity, cytostatic activity, V79 cells, rat keratinocytes, acute systemic toxicity, primary irritant activity, skin wound healing | |
| Author: Maria Grazia Angelini | (ask for the complete article at Scientific Press Office) |
| Lanolide, a synthetic substitute for lanolin has been tested for tolerability in a battery of in vitro and in vivo assays. The evaluation of its cytotoxic activity, carried out in V79 cells, an established line of Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts, using the neutral red, the trypan blue, and the MTT tetrazolium assays, gave concordant results which indicate that Lanolide can be considered practically atoxic at the highest soluble concentration. A dose-dependent cytostatic effect was observed after continuous exposure of the same cells, and a possible reduction of protein synthesis was suggested by a preliminary assay on rat keratinocytes, but in both cases active doses were higher that those present at the level of epidermal cells during normal usage conditions. In good agreement with these in vitro findings any meaningful toxic effect was absent in mice given 10 g/kg of Lanolide by the intraperitoneal route, no ocular lesions were present in rabbits after topical application of 200 mg, and neither primary irritant activity nor skin wound healing inhibition were observed in the same species. | |
| HOW TO AVOID THIXOTROPIC PHENOMENA IN LIQUID EMULSIONS | |
| Keywords: ADF-oleile, emulsions , viscosity, thixotropy, rheology, penetrometry | |
| Authors: Stefano Dorato and Vincenzo Rialdi | (ask for the complete article at Scientific Press Office) |
| Several test formulations comparing ADF-oleile [ADF], a viscosity controlling agent, with other competing ingredients showed that it is the only effective fluidizing and dethixotropic agent for dermopharmaceutical and cosmetic emulsions. ADF-oleile is a water-soluble viscosity controller for liquid emulsions and it regulates the desired fluidity of the preparation because it increases the so-called time recovery rate allowing lotions to remain as such for a longer period. All data concerning the effectiveness tests (formulations, viscosity data, penetrometer data, ecc.) are presented and discussed. | |